Keitaro Kubo, Ph.D.


 
Department of Life Sciences (Sports Sciences), University of Tokyo
Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
Tel: 03-5454-6864
Fax: 03-5454-4317
E-mail: kubo@idaten.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Homepage: http://park.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/kubokeitaro/

Research interest

                               under construction


Original papers（Google Scholar）

2024 and in press (6)
（１１９）New! Mino S, Tanaka S, Teshima T, Kubo K. Effects of repeated isometric and eccentric contractions on active muscle stiffness. J Sports Med Phys Fitness (in press)
（１１８）Sasajima S, Kubo K. Influence of preconditioning on morphological and mechanical properties of human Achilles tendon in vivo. J Biomech 170: 112168, 2024.
（１１７）Yasuda A, Kubo K. Effects of static stretching on the blood circulation of human tendon in vivo. Translational Sports Medicine 2024: 4413113, 2024.
（１１６）Sasajima S, Kubo K. Effect of static stretching on tendon hysteresis and efficiency during repetitive jumping. J Strength Cond Res 38: 1041-1047, 2024.
（１１５）Mino S, Kosaka T, Kubo K. Effects of muscular endurance and tendon extensibility on endurance of joint stiffness. Sports Biomech (in press)
（１１４）Kubo K, Yasuda A, Yajima H, Takayama M, Takakura N. Effects of acupuncture and acupressure of the acupoint compared to the tendon on the blood circulation of human tendon in vivo. Eur J App Physiol 124: 269-279, 2024.

2023 (6)
（１１３）Kubo K, Teshima T, Hirose N, Tsunoda N. A longitudinal study of the physical characteristics, muscle-tendon structure properties, and skeletal age in preadolescent boys. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 23: 1317-1325, 2023.
（１１２）Kosaka T, Sasajima S, Yasuda A, Mino S, Kubo K. Effects of tendon elastic energy and electromyographic activity pattern on jumping height and pre-stretch augmentation during jumps with different pre-stretch intensity. J Sports Sci 13: 1317-1325, 2023.
（１１１）Yasuda A, Sasajima S, Kosaka T, Mino S, Kubo K. Effects of stimulation conditions and subcutaneous tissue properties on acupressure-induced changes in blood circulation of human tendons. J Phys Fitness Sports Med 12: 147-154, 2023.
（１１０）Kosaka T, Sasajima S, Yasuda A, Mino S, Kubo K. Determinants of joint stiffness and jumping height during drop jump. Physiol Rep 11: e15678, 2023.
（１０９）Kubo K. Maximal fascicle shortening velocity measurements in human medial gastrocnemius muscle in vivo. Physiol Rep 11: e15541, 2023.
（１０８）Sasajima S, Yasuda A, Kosaka T, Kubo K. Effect of relaxation time on hysteresis of human tendon in vivo. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 23: 84-89, 2023.

2022 (4)
（１０７）Yasuda A, Sasajima S, Kosaka T, Kubo K. Changes in tendon blood circulation and heart rate variability after intermittent compression to patellar and Achilles tendons. Clin Biomech 97: 105690, 2022.
（１０６）Kubo K. Relationship between short latency stretch reflex and fascicle behavior in the soleus muscle in vivo. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 22: 364-368, 2022.
（１０５）Kubo K. Effect of short latency stretch reflex on passive and active muscle stiffness in the soleus muscle in vivo. Eur J Appl Physiol 122: 1303-1312, 2022.
（１０４）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Yata H. Mechanical properties of muscles and tendon structures in middle-aged and young men. Scientific Reports 12: 1-12, 2022.

2021 (3)
（１０３）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Yata H. Effects of plyometric training on muscle-tendon mechanical properties and behavior of fascicles during jumping. Physiol Rep 9: e15073, 2021.
（１０２）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Yata H. Effects of 4, 8, and 12 repetition maximum resistance training protocols on muscle volume and strength. J Strength Cond Res 35: 879-885, 2021.
（１０１）Kouno M, Ishigaki T, Ikebukuro T, Yata H, Kubo K. Effects of the strain rate on mechanical properties of tendon structures in knee extensors and plantar flexors in vivo. Sports Biomech 20: 887-900, 2021.

2020 (7)
（１００）Kubo K, Miyazaki D, Yata H, Tsunoda N. Mechanical properties of muscle and tendon at high strain rate in sprinters. Physiol Rep 8: e14583, 2020.
（９９）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Yata H. Effect of angular velocity on active muscle stiffness in vivo. J Biomech 111: 110007, 2020.
（９８）Kubo K, Yajima H, Takayama M, Takakura N. Comparison of changes in blood circulation of patellar and Achilles tendons during and after acupuncture. Transliterates Sports Med 3: 581-588, 2020.
（９７）Kubo K, Iizuka Y, Yajima H, Takayama M, Takakura N. Changes in blood circulation of the tendon and heart rate variability during and after acupuncture. Medical Acupuncture 32: 99-107, 2020.
（９６）Kubo K, Iizuka Y, Yajima H, Takayama M, Takakura N. Acupuncture- and intermittent compression-induced changes in blood circulation of tendon. J Alter Comp Med 26: 231-238, 2020.
（９５）Ishigaki T, Kubo K. Mechanical properties and collagen fiber orientation of tendon in young and elderly. Clin Biomech 71: 5-10, 2020.
（９４）Suzuki T, Sugawara K, Iizuka Y, Kubo K. Effects of static stretching on active muscle stiffness with and without the stretch reflex. J Phys Fitness Sports Med 9: 37-41, 2020.

2019 (3)
（９３）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T. Changes in joint, muscle, and tendon stiffness following repeated hopping exercise. Physiol Rep 7: e14237, 2019.
（９２）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Yata H. Effects of squat training with different depths on lower limb muscle volumes. Eur J Appl Physiol 119: 1933-1942, 2019.
（９１）Suzuki T, Ikebukuro T, Kubo K. Effects of repeated eccentric and isometric contractions with relatively low loading dose on joint stiffness. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 59: 1273-1280, 2019.

2018 (5)
（９０）Kubo K. Effects of static stretching on mechanical properties and collagen fiber orientation of the Achilles tendon in vivo. Clin Biomech 60: 115-120, 2018.
（８９）Ishigaki T, Kubo K. Effects of eccentric training with different training frequencies on blood circulation, collagen fiber orientation, and mechanical properties of human Achilles tendon in vivo. Eur J Appl Physiol 118: 2617-2626, 2018.
（８８）Kubo K, Ishigaki T, Ikebukuro T. Measurement of active muscle stiffness with and without the stretch reflex. J Biomech 73: 50-59, 2018.
（８７）Kubo K, Miyazaki D, Yata H, Shimoju S, Okada M, Tsunoda N. Is the stiffness of human muscle and tendon structures related to muscle fiber composition in vivo? J Sports Med Phys Fitness 58: 622-629, 2018.
（８６）Ishigaki T, Ikebukuro T, Kubo K. Effects of repeated eccentric contractions with different loads on blood circulation and collagen fiber orientation in the human Achilles tendon. J Phys Fitness Sports Med 7: 57-64, 2018.

2017 (6)
（８５）Kubo K, Ishigaki T, Ikebukuro T. Effects of plyometric and isometric training on muscle and tendon stiffness in vivo. Physiological Reports 5(15): e13374, 2017.
（８４）Kubo K, Ishigaki T, Ikebukuro T. Measurement of blood flow in the human Achilles tendon in vivo. J Phys Fitness Sports Med 6: 251-256, 2017.
（８３）Ikebukuro T, Kouno M, Ishigaki T, Yata H, Kubo K. Assessment of volume of total quadriceps femurs and each synergistic muscle by anterior thigh thickness. Adv Exer Sport Physiol 23: 25-33, 2017.
（８２）Ikebukuro T, Kouno M, Ishigaki T, Yata H, Kubo K. Site-difference in the relationships between body mass and muscle volume in lower limb muscles. Gazette Medica Italiana 176: 665-670, 2017.
（８１）Kubo K, Yata H. Effects of concentric and eccentric training on the stiffness and blood circulation of patellar tendon. Sports Med Int Open 1: E43-E49, 2017.
（８０）Kubo K, Miyazaki D, Ikebukuro T, Yata H, Okada M, Tsunoda N. Active muscle and tendon stiffness of plantar flexors in sprinters. J Sports Sci 35: 742-748, 2017.

2016 (2)
（７９）Ishigaki T, Kouno M, Ikebukuro T, Kubo K. Quantification of collagen fiber orientation in human tendons with the coefficient of variation of echogenicity. J Biomech 49: 3923-3927, 2016.
（７８）Kubo K, Miyazaki D, Yamada K, Shimoju S, Tsunoda N. Are the knee and ankle angles at contact related to the tendon properties of lower limbs in long distance runners? SpringerPlus 5: 151, 2016.

2015 (5)
（７７）Kubo K, Miyazaki D, Yamada K, Yata H, Shimoju S, Tsunoda N. Passcive and active muscle stiffness in plantar flexors of long distance runners. J Biomech 48: 1937-1943, 2015.
（７６）Kubo K, Miyazaki D, Shimoju S, Tsunoda N. Relationship between elastic properties of tendon structures and performance in long distance runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 115: 1725-1733, 2015.
（７５）Kubo K. Effects of repeated concentric and eccentric contractions on blood circulation of tendon. Int J Sports Med 36: 481-484, 2015.
（７４）Kubo K, Miyazaki D, Tanaka S, Shimoju S, Tsunoda N. Relationship between Achilles tendon properties and footstrike patterns in long distance runners. J Sports Sci 33: 665-669, 2015.
（７３）Kubo K. Muscle oxygenation of superficial and deep regions in knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles during repeated isometric contractions. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 55: 251-257, 2015.

2014 (4)
（７２）Kubo K. Active muscle stiffness in the human medial gastrocnemius muscle in vivo. J Appl Physiol 117: 1020-1026, 2014.
（７１）Kubo K, Teshima T, Ikebukuro T, Hirose N, Tsunoda N. Tendon properties and muscle architecture for knee extensors and plantar flexors in boys and men. Clin Biomech 29: 506-511, 2014.
（７０）Kubo K, Teshima T, Hirose N, Tsunoda N. Growth changes in morphological and mechanical properties of human patellar tendon in vivo. J Appl Biomech 30: 415-422, 2014.
（６９）Kubo K, Teshima T, Hirose N, Tsunoda N. A cross-sectional study of the plantar flexor muscle and tendon during growth. Int J Sports Med 35: 828-834, 2014.

2013 (1)
（６８）Kubo K, Yata H, Tsunoda N. Effect of gene polymorphisms on the mechanical properties of human tendon structures. SpringerPlus 2: 343, 2013.

2012 (5)
（６７）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T. Acute and chronic effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on blood circulation of human muscle and tendon in vivo. J Strength Cond Res 26: 2765-2770, 2012.
（６６）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T. Blood circulation of patellar and Achilles tendons during contractions and heating. Med Sci Sports Exer 44: 2111-2117, 2012.
（６５）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T. Effects of duration of heating on blood circulation of human muscle and tendon in vivo. Gazzetta Medica Italiana 171: 731-737, 2012.

（６４）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Maki A, Yata H, Tsunoda N. Time course of changes in the human Achilles tendon properties and metabolism during training and detraining in vivo. Eur J Appl Physiol 112: 2679-2691, 2012.
（６３）Kubo K, Yuki K, Ikebukuro T. Changes in bone alkaline phosphatase and procollagen type-1 C-peptide after static and dynamic exercises. Res Quart Exer Sport 83: 49-54, 2012.

2011 (3)
（６２）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Yata H, Tomita M, Okada M. Morphological and mechanical properties of muscle and tendon in highly trained sprinters. J Appl Biomech 27: 336-344, 2011.
（６１）Kubo K, Yajima H, Takayama M, Ikebukuro T, Mizoguchi H, Takakura N. Changes in blood circulation of the contralateral Achilles tendon during and after acupuncture and heating. Int J Sports Med 32: 807-813, 2011.
（６０）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T. Effects of heating on blood volume and oxygen saturation of human Achilles tendon in vivo. Gazzetta Medica Italiana 170: 53-57, 2011

2010 (6)
（５９）Kubo K, Tabata T, Ikebukuro T, Igarashi K, Yata H, Tsunoda N. Effects of mechanical properties of muscle and tendon on performance in long distance runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 110: 507-514, 2010.
（５８）Kubo K, Tabata T, Ikebukuro T, Igarashi K, Tsunoda N. A longitudinal assessment of running economy and tendon properties in long distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 24: 1724-1731, 2010.
（５７）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T. Relationship between muscle fiber type and tendon properties in young males. Muscle & Nerve 42: 127-129, 2010.
（５６）Kubo K, Yajima H, Takayama M, Ikebukuro T, Mizoguchi H, Takakura N. Effects of acupuncture and heating on blood volume and oxygen saturation of human Achilles tendon in vivo. Eur J Appl Physiol 109: 545-550, 2010.
（５５）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Yata H, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H. Effects of training on muscle and tendon in knee extensors and plantar flexors in vivo. J Appl Biomech 26: 316-323, 2010.
（５４）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Yata H, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H. Time course of changes in muscle and tendon properties during strength training and detraining. J Strength Cond Res 24: 322-331, 2010.

2009 (3)
（５３）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Yaeshima K, Kanehisa H. Effects of different duration contractions on elasticity, blood volume, and oxygen saturation of human tendon in vivo. Eur J Appl Physiol 106: 445-455, 2009.
（５２）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Yaeshima K, Yata H, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H. Effects of static and dynamic training on the stiffness and blood volume of tendon in vivo. J Appl Physiol 106: 412-417, 2009.
（５１）Kubo K, Miyamoto M, Tanaka S, Maki A, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H. Muscle and tendon properties during menstrual cycle. Int J Sports Med 30: 139-143, 2009.

2008 (3)
（５０）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H. Changes in oxygen consumption of human muscle and tendon following repeat muscle contractions. Eur J Appl Physiol 104: 859-866, 2008.
（４９）Kubo K, Ikebukuro T, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H. Noninvasive measures of blood volume and oxygen saturation of human Achilles tendon by red laser lights. Acta Physiol 193: 257-264, 2008.
（４８）Kubo K, Ishida Y, Suzuki S, Komuro T, Shirasawa H, Ishiguro N, Shukutani Y, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of six months of walking training on lower limb muscle and tendon in elderly. Scand J Med Sci Sports 18: 31-39, 2008.

2007 (4)
（４７）Kubo K, Morimoto M, Komuro T, Yata H, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of plyometric and weight training on muscle-tendon complex and jump performance. Med Sci Sports Exer 39: 1801-1810, 2007.
（４６）Kubo K, Ishida Y, Komuro T, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Age-related differences in the force generation capabilities and tendon extensibilities of knee extensors and plantar flexors in men. J Gerontology: Medical Sciences 62A: 1252-1258, 2007.
（４５）Kubo K, Morimoto M, Komuro T, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Influences of tendon stiffness, joint stiffness, and electromyographic activity on jump performances using single joint. Eur J Appl Physiol 99: 235-243, 2007.
（４４）Kubo K, Morimoto M, Komuro T, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Age-related differences in neuromuscular and mechanical properties of the plantar flexor muscles and tendon in untrained men. Med Sci Sports Exer 39: 541-547, 2007.

2006 (4)
（４３）Kubo K, Komuro T, Ishiguro N, Tsunoda N, Sato Y, Ishii N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of low load resistance training with vascular occlusion on the mechanical properties of muscle and tendon. J Appl Biomech 22: 112-119, 2006.
（４２）Kubo K, Yata H, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of isometric squat training on the tendon stiffness and jump performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 96: 305-314, 2006.
（４１）Kubo K, Ohgo K, Takeishi R, Yoshinaga K, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of series elasticity on the human knee extension torque-angle relationship in vivo. Res Quart Exer Sport 77: 408-416, 2006.
（４０）Kubo K, Ohgo K, Takeishi R, Yoshinaga K, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of isometric training at different knee angles on the muscle-tendon complex in vivo. Scand J Med Sci Sports 16: 159-167, 2006.

2005 (5)
（３９）Kubo K. In vivo elastic properties of human tendon structures in lower limb. Int J Sports Health Sci (Invited Review) 3: 142-150, 2005.
（３８）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Influences of repetitive drop-jump and isometric leg press exercises on the tendon properties in knee extensors. J Strength Cond Res 19: 864-870, 2005.
（３７）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of cold and hot water immersion on the mechanical properties of human muscle and tendon in vivo. Clin Biomech 20: 291-300, 2005.
（３６）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Comparison of elasticity of human tendon and aponeurosis in knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors in vivo. J Appl Biomech 21: 129-142, 2005.
（３５）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of viscoelastic properties of tendon structures on stretch-shortening cycle exercises in vivo. J Sports Sci 23: 851-860, 2005.

2004 (4)
（３４）Kubo K, Akima H, Ushiyama J, Tabata I, Fukuoka H, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of resistance training during bed rest on the viscoelastic properties of tendon structures in lower limb. Scand J Med Sci Sports 14: 296-302, 2004.
（３３）Kubo K, Tsunoda N, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Activation of agonist and antagonist muscles at different joint angles during maximal isometric efforts. Eur J Appl Physiol 91: 349-352, 2004.
（３２）Kubo K, Akima H, Ushiyama J, Tabata I, Fukuoka H, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of 20 days of bed rest on the viscoelastic properties of tendon structures in lower limb muscles. Br J Sports Med 38: 324-330, 2004.
（３１）Kanehisa H, Kubo K, Fukunaga T. The effects of squat training, using body weight, on the stiffness of tendon structures of the vastus lateralis muscle in middle-aged and older women. Int. Sport Med. J., 5, 277-297. 2004.

2003 (4)
（３０）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Miyatani M, Tachi M, Fukunaga T. Effect of low-load resistance training on the tendon properties in middle aged and elderly women. Acta Physiol Scand 178: 25-32, 2003.
（２９）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Gender differences in the viscoelastic properties of tendon structures. Eur J Appl Physiol 88: 520-526, 2003
（２８）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Azuma K, Ishizu M, Kuno S, Okada M, Fukunaga T. Muscle architectural characteristics in women aged 20-79 years. Med Sci Sports Exer 35: 39-44, 2003
（２７）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Azuma K, Ishizu M, Kuno S, Okada M, Fukunaga T. Muscle architectural characteristics in young and elderly men and women. Int J Sports Med 24: 125-130, 2003.

2002 (6)
（２６）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of transient muscle contractions and stretching on the tendon structures in vivo. Acta Physiol Scand 174: 1-8, 2002.
（２５）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. Measurement of viscoelastic properties of tendon structures in vivo. Scand J Med Sci Sports 12: 3-8, 2002.
（２４）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of resistance and stretching training programs on the viscoelastic properties of tendon structures in vivo. J Physiol 538: 219-226, 2002.
（２３）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effect of stretching training on the viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures in vivo. J Appl Physiol 92: 595-601, 2002.
（２２）Fukunaga T, Kawakami Y, Kubo K, Kanehisa H. Muscle and Tendon Interaction During Human Movements. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 30: 106-110, 2002.
（２１）Kawakami Y, Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effect of series elasticity on isokinetic torque-angle relationship in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 87: 381-387, 2002.

2001 (10)
（２０）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Effects of different duration isometric contractions on tendon elasticity of human quadriceps muscles. J Phsiol 536, 649-655. 2001.
（１９）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Is passive stiffness in human muscles related to the elasticity of tendon structures ? Eur J Appl Physiol 85, 226-232. 2001.
（１８）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. Influences of repetitive muscle contractions with different modes on the elasticity of tendon structures in vivo. J Appl Phsiol 91: 277-282, 2001.
（１７）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Ito M, Fukunaga T. Effects of isometric training on the elasticity of human tendon structures in vivo. J Appl Phsiol 91: 26-32, 2001.
（１６）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. Growth changes in the elastic properties of human tendon structures. Int.J.Sports Med 22: 138-143, 2001.
（１５）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. Influence of static stretching on viscoelastic properties of human tendon structures in vivo. J.Appl.Physiol. 90: 520-527, 2001.
（１４）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. Effects of repeated muscle contractions on the tendon structures in humans. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol. 84: 162-166, 2001.
（１３）Akima H, Kubo K, Imai M, Kanehisa H, Suzuki Y, Gunji A, Fukunaga T. Inactivity and muscle: effect of resistance training during bed rest on muscle size in the lower limb. Acta Physiol Scand 172: 269-278, 2001.
（１２）Fukunaga T, Kubo K, Kawakami Y, Fukashiro S, Kanehisa, Maganaris CN. In vivo behaviour of human muscle tendon during walking. Proc R Soc Lond B 268: 229-233, 2001.
（１１）Kawakami Y, Akima H, Kubo K, Muraoka Y, Hasegawa H, Kouzaki M, Imai M, Suzuki Y, Gunji A, Kanehisa H, Fukunaga T. Changes in muscle size, architecture, and neural activation after 20 days of bed rest with and without resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 84: 7-12, 2001.

2000 (9)
（１０）Kubo K, Akima H, Kouzaki M, Ito M, Kawakami Y, Kanehisa H. Fukunaga T. Changes in the elastic properties of tendon structures following 20 days bed rest. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol. 83: 463-468, 2000.
（９）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Takeshita D, Kawakami Y, Fukashiro S, Fukunaga T. In vivo dynamics of human medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon complex during stretch-shortening cycle exercise. Acta Physiol.Scand. 170: 127-135, 2000
（８）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. Elasticity of tendon structures of the lower limbs in sprinters. Acta Physiol.Scand. 168: 327-335, 2000.
（７）Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. Elastic properties of muscle-tendon complex in long-distance runners. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol. 81: 181-187, 2000.
（６）Akima H, Kawakami Y, Kubo K, Sekiguchi C, Ohshima H, Miyamoto A, Fukunaga T. Effect of short-duration spaceflight on thigh and leg muscle volume. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32: 1743-1747, 2000.
（５）Akima H, Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Suzuki Y, Gunji A, Fukunaga T. Leg-press resistance training during 20 days of 6° head-down tilt bed rest prevents muscle deconditioning. Eur J Appl Physiol 82: 30-38, 2000.
（４）Kawamai Y, Muraoka Y, Kubo K, Suzuki Y, Fukunaga T. Changes in muscle size and architecture following 20 days of bed rest. J Grav Physiol 7: 53-60, 2000
（３）Kawamai Y, Ichinose Y, Kubo K, Ito M, Imai M, Fukunaga T. Architecture of contracting human muscles and its functional significance. J Appl Biomech 16: 90-100, 2000.
（２）Fukunaga T, Kubo K, Kawamai Y, Kanehisa H. Effect of elastic tendon properties on the performance of stretch-shortening cycles. Skeletal Muscle Mechanics: From Mechanisms to Function. Edited by Herzog W. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Chichester, 2000. pp 289-303.

1999 (1)
（１）Kubo K, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. Influence of elastic properties of tendon structures on jump performance in humans. J.Appl.Physiol. 87: 2090-2096, 1999.