When a substance functions as a material, interfacial interactions with other substances play a significant role, even though the ratio of the interface to the whole material is very small. Typical examples include, hydrophobic/hydrophilic electrode surfaces that serve as a platform for various materials and synthesis, protein surfaces that can control biomolecular recognition events. Our target is to design and synthesize new molecules that approach material interfaces in a bottom-up manner, which will lead to the development of new functional materials and synthetic methodologies. We are also targeting materials that can change their structure and function dynamically, just like biomolecules, by artificially controlling the interface phenomena using external fields. Along with the progress of the nanotechnology, the role of the interface is keep increasing due to the downsizing of the material, and its manipulation at the molecular level will become more and more important in the future. We are challenging this issue by taking advantage of our strong background of organic chemistry and polymer science from a view point of both basic science and applications.
We discovered that tubes with an inner diameter of ~1 nm, whose inner surface is covered with fluorine atoms just like Teflon, allow water to pass through at an unprecedented rate but do not allow salt to pass through. It is expected to be applied to next-generation water purification membranes that surpass the performance of conventional desalination membranes.
Paper: Science 2022, 376, 738–743. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0966]
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The stability of the cyclic π-electron conjugated skeleton depends on the number of π-electrons, which is summarized as Hückel’s rule. That is, when the skeleton has 4n+2 π-electrons, it is stabilized by "aromaticity," and when it has 4n π-electrons, it is destabilized by "anti-aromaticity." On the other hand, it is known that "aromaticity" also emerges in the photoexcited states, and this is summarized as Baird’s rule. This is the opposite of Hückel’s rule, which states that a molecule becomes aromatic when it has 4n π-electrons and anti-aromatic when it has 4n+2 π-electrons. Aromaticity contributes significantly to the stabilization of the molecule. Although the stabilization effect in the ground state has been investigated by various methods, it is not easy to investigate the stabilization effect in the photoexcited state. This is due to their extremely short lifetime of picoseconds to microseconds. We have experimentally revealed this effect for the first time by comparing the activation energies of the ring inversion barrier of thiophene-fused cyclooctatetraene in the ground state and in the photoexcited state. Using this molecular motif, we developed the world's first heterochiral supramolecular polymers and polymerization reactions that can be suspended by light.
Substantiation of the stabilization effect of the excited state aromaticity.
Nature Commun. 2017, 8, 346. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00382-1]
Chem-Station
The first alternating heterochiral supramolecular polymer.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 5121–5126. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00823]
The first photo-suspendable supramolecular polymerization.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 7080–7084. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02176]
On biomolecular surfaces such as proteins, interactions with various molecules occur dynamically and are controlled by stimuli from the external field. We have successfully formed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on electrode surfaces and controlled their ionic bonds to the guest molecules in solution by electrode potential. During the course of the research project, we found that the shorter the distance between the ionic bonds and the hydrophobic alkyl group introduced to prevent exposure of the electrode surface, the stronger the ionic bonding is. This was the first substantiation of the theoretical prediction published in 1953 by Shellman. Later, we found an anomalous feature of molecular motion on hydrophobic interface. We also continue exploring the peculiar properties on electrode surfaces to develop interesting materials.
Development of E-field responsive SAMs and discovery of hydrophobic enhancement of ionic interaction.
Science 2015, 348, 555–559. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa7532]
Anomalous molecular dynamics on hydrophobic interface.
Chem. Asian. J. 2020, 15, 3321–3325. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000742]
Rod-shaped molecules want to align parallel to each other, and disk-shaped molecules want to overlap each other face to face. Therefore, they generally do not mix without a solvent. By designing and synthesizing a new molecule, where a rod-like skeleton is introduced at the termini of the disk-shaped molecule, we have succeeded in obtaining a hybrid columnar liquid crystal in which rod- and disk-shaped molecules are mixed at the molecular level. This liquid crystal is the first columnar liquid crystal exhibiting dual-frequency response; the columnar axis orients parallel to DC electric field and perpendicular to AC electric field. Furthermore, by using photoresponsive molecules, we succeeded in obtaining for the first time a rewritable liquid crystalline AND logic gate that responds to both electric field and light. We were also able to design a columnar liquid crystal that responds to both electric field and magnetic field. We also found that the chirality of helical supramolecular polymers formed by disk-shaped molecules induces helical alignment of rod-shaped molecules. Conversely, chiral rod-shaped molecules induce an unusual chiral amplification phenomenon for achiral supramolecular polymers.
Hybrid columnar liquid crystal and AND logic gate.
Science 2019, 363, 161–165. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan1019]
Chem-Station
Hybrid columnar liquid crystal responsive to both electric field and magnetic field.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 10033–10038. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03961]
Anomalous chiral transfer from chiral rod-shaped molecule to helical supramolecular polymer.
Chem. Asian. J. 2022, e202200223. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200223]
Cholesteric liquid crystals have an internal helical structure and can selectively reflect light of wavelengths corresponding to their pitch (structural color). We have succeeded in changing the structural color of cholesteric liquid crystals by using an E-field, and have realized two new reflective displays. One is a device that can write and rewrite reflection colors, and the other is a display device that can be driven at high speed by a single dry cell battery (1.5 V) using a redox reaction. The key is the molecular design that gives ionic properties to the chiral dopants that create the helical structure. Conventionally, ionic compounds have been thought to degrade the quality of liquid crystalline devices. However, through the deep consideration of the chemical principles, we have shown that ions in liquid crystals can be used as functional materials. In the device for the first study, they were time-consuming but they had a color memory function. In the device for the second study, they can be driven at high speed but the color cannot be memorized. If this "best of both worlds" can be achieved, it will lead to full-color electronic paper.
Cholesteric display device whose color can be written and rewritable.
Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 4077–4083. [DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600258]
Cholesteric display device whose reflection color can be changed quickly.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 10946–10949. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06323]
Device fabrication video
J. Vis. Exp. 2019, 144, e59244. [DOI: 10.3791/59244]
