Tuesday Seminar on Topology (April -- July, 2018)
[Japanese]
[Past Programs]
17:00 -- 18:30 Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences,
The University of Tokyo
Tea: 16:30 -- 17:00 Common Room
Last updated September 19, 2018
Information :
Toshitake Kohno
Nariya Kawazumi
Takahiro Kitayama
Takuya Sakasai
April 3 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Kei Irie (The University of Tokyo)
Chain level loop bracket and pseudo-holomorphic disks
Abstract: Let $L$ be a Lagrangian submanifold in a symplectic vector space which is closed, oriented and spin.
Using virtual fundamental chains of moduli spaces of nonconstant pseudo-holomorphic disks with boundaries on $L$,
one can define a Maurer-Cartan element of a Lie bracket operation in string topology
(the loop bracket) defined at chain level.
This idea is due to Fukaya, who also pointed out its important consequences in symplectic topology.
In this talk I will explain how to rigorously carry out this idea.
Our argument is based on a string topology chain model previously introduced by the speaker,
and theory of Kuranishi structures on moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic disks,
which has been developed by Fukaya-Oh-Ohta-Ono.
April 10 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Hisaaki Endo (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
On the Morse-Novikov number for 2-knots
Abstract: Pajitnov, Rudolph and Weber defined the Morse-Novikov number for classical links and studied their undamental properties in 2001.
This invariant has been investigated in relation to (twisted) Alexander polynomials and the (twisted) Novikov homology.
In this talk, we define the Morse-Novikov number for 2-knots and show its several properties.
In particular, we describe its relations to motion pictures and spin constructions for 2-knots.
This talk is based on joint works with Andrei Pajitnov (Nantes University).
April 17 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Tamás Kálmán (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Tight contact structures on Seifert surface complements and knot invariants
Abstract: In joint work with Daniel Mathews,
we examined complements of standard Seifert surfaces of special alternating links
and used Honda's method to enumerate those tight contact structures on them
whose dividing sets are isotopic to the link.
The number turns out to be the leading coefficient of the Alexander polynomial.
The proof is rather combinatorial in nature; for example,
the Euler classes of the contact structures are identified with
`hypertrees' in a certain hypergraph.
Using earlier results with Hitoshi Murakami and Alexander Postnikov,
this yields a connection between contact topology and the Homfly polynomial.
We also found that the contact invariants of our structures form a basis
for the sutured Floer homology of the manifold.
April 24 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Takahiro Yamamoto (Tokyo Gakugei University)
Singular Fibers of smooth maps and Cobordism groups
Abstract: Following the pioneering work of R.Thom,
cobordism groups of smooth maps have been studied by some mathematicians.
Especially, cobordism groups of Morse functions on closed manifolds was studied by O.Saeki and K.Ikegami, B.Kalmar.
In this talk, we will introduce cobordism groups among Morse functions on compact manifolds with boundary
and study the cobordism groups are trivial or not by using the theory of the universal complex of singular fibers of smooth maps.
May 8 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Dan Cristofaro-Gardiner (University of California, Santa Cruz)
Beyond the Weinstein conjecture
Abstract: The Weinstein conjecture states that any Reeb vector field on a closed manifold has at least one closed orbit.
The three-dimensional case of this conjecture was proved by Taubes in 2007,
and Hutchings and I later showed that in this case there are always at least 2 orbits.
While examples exist with exactly two orbits,
one expects that this lower bound can be significantly improved with additional assumptions.
For example, a theorem of Hofer, Wysocki, and Zehnder
states that a generic nondegenerate Reeb vector field associated to the
"standard" contact structure on S^3 has either 2, or infinitely many, closed orbits.
We prove that any nondegenerate Reeb vector field has 2 or infinitely many closed orbits
as long as the associated contact structure has torsion first Chern class.
This is joint work with Mike Hutchings and Dan Pomerleano.
May 15 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Mutsuo Oka (Tokyo University of Science)
On the singularity theory of mixed hypersurfaces and some conjecture
Abstract: Consider a real algebraic variety of real codimension 2 defined by
$V:=\{g(\mathbf x,\mathbf y)=h(\mathbf x,\mathbf y)=0\}$
in $\mathbb C^n=\mathbb R^n\times \mathbb R^n$.
Put $\mathbf z=\mathbf x+i\mathbf y$ and consider complex valued real analytic function $f=g+ih$.
Replace the variables $x_1,y_1\dots, x_n,y_n$ using the equality $x_j=(z_j+\bar z_j)/2,\, y_j=(z_j-\bar z_j)/2i$.
Then $f$ can be understood to be an analytic functions of $z_j,\bar z_j$.
We call $f$ a mixed function.
In this way, $V=\{ f(\mathbf z,\bar \mathbf z)=0\}$
and we can use the techniques of complex analytic functions and the singularity theory developed there.
In this talk, we explain basic properties of the singularity of mixed hyper surface $V(f)$ and give several open questions.
May 22 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Doman Takata (The university of Tokyo)
An analytic index theory for infinite-dimensional manifolds and KK-theory
Abstract: The Atiyah-Singer index theorem is one of the monumental works in geometry and topology,
which states the coincidence between analytic index and topological index on closed manifolds.
The overall goal of my research is to formulate and prove an infinite-dimensional version of this theorem.
For this purpose, it is natural to begin with simple cases, and my current problem is the following:
For infinite-dimensional manifolds equipped with a "proper and cocompact"
action of the loop group of the circle, construct a loop group equivariant index theory,
from the viewpoint of KK-theory. Although this project has not been completed,
I have constructed several core objects for the analytic side of this problem,
including a Hilbert space regarded as an "L²-space", in arXiv:1701.06055 and arXiv:1709.06205.
In this talk, I am going to report the progress so far.
May 29 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Kouki Sato (The university of Tokyo)
A partial order on nu+ equivalence classes
Abstract: The nu+ equivalence is an equivalence relation on the knot concordance group.
Hom proves that many concordance invariants derived from Heegaard Floer homology are invariant under nu+ equivalence.
In this work, we introduce a partial order on nu+ equivalence classes, and study its algebraic and geometrical properties.
As an application, we prove that any genus one knot is nu+ equivalent to one of the unknot, the trefoil and its mirror.
June 5 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Hiroki Matui (Chiba University)
Topological full groups and generalizations of the Higman-Thompson groups
Abstract: For a topological dynamical system on the Cantor set, one can introduce its topological full group,
which is a countable subgroup of the homeomorphism group of the Cantor set.
The Higman-Thompson group V_n is regarded as the topological full group of the one-sided full shift over n symbols.
Replacing the one-sided full shift with other dynamical systems, we obtain variants of the Higman-Thompson group.
It is then natural to ask whether those generalized Higman-Thompson groups possess similar (or different) features.
I would like to discuss isomorphism classes of these groups, finiteness properties, abelianizations,
connections to C*-algebras and their K-theory, and so on.
June 12 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Yoshihiko Mitsumatsu (Chuo University)
Turbulization of 2-dimensional foliations on 4-manifolds
Abstract: This is a report on a joint work with Elmar VOGT(Freie Universität Berlin).
For codimension 1 foliations, the process of turbulization, i.e.,
inserting a Reeb component along a closed transversal, is well-known,
while for higher codimensional foliation,
similar processes were not understood until around 2006.
In this talk, first we formulate the turbulization along a closed transversal.
Then in our dimension setting,
namely 2-dimensional foliations on 4-manifolds ((4,2)-foliations),
a cohomological criterion is given for a given transversal to a foliation,
which tells the turbulization is possible or not,
relying on the Thurston's h-principle.
Also we give cocrete geometric constructions of turbulizations.
The cohomological criterion for turbulization is deduced from a more general criterion
for a given embedded surface to be a compact leaf or a closed transversal of some foliation,
which is stated in terms of the euler classes of tangent and normal bndle of the foliation to look for.
The anormalous cohomological solutions for certain cases suggested the geometric realization of turbulization,
while the cohomological criterion is obtained by the h-principle.
Some other modifications are also formulated for (4,2)-foliations and
their possibility are assured by the anormalous solutions mentioned above.
For some of them, good geometric realizations are not yet known.
So far the difficulty lies on the problem of the connected components of
the space of representations of the surface groups to Diff S^1.
If the time permits, some special features on the h-principle for 2-dimensional foliations are also explained.
June 19 -- Room 056
14:30 -- 16:00 [Joint with RIKEN iTHEMS]
Kenji Fukaya (Simons center, SUNY)
Relative and equivariant Lagrangian Floer homology and Atiyah-Floer conjecture
Abstract: Atiyah-Floer conjecture concerns a relationship between Floer homology in Gauge theory and Lagrangian Floer homology.
One of its difficulty is that the symplectic manifold on wich we consider Lagrangian Floer homology is in general singular.
In this talk I will explain that, by using relative and equivariant version of Lagrangian Floer homology,
we can resolve this problem and can at least state the conjecture as rigorous mathematical conjecture.
17:00 -- 18:30
Hokuto Konno (The University of Tokyo)
Characteristic classes via 4-dimensional gauge theory
Abstract: Using gauge theory, more precisely SO(3)-Yang-Mills theory and Seiberg-Witten theory,
I will construct characteristic classes of 4-manifold bundles.
These characteristic classes are extensions of the SO(3)-Donaldson invariant
and the Seiberg-Witten invariant to families of 4-manifolds,
and can detect non-triviality of smooth 4-manifold bundles.
The basic idea of the construction of these characteristic classes is
to consider an infinite dimensional analogue
of classical characteristic classes of manifold bundles,
typified by the Mumford-Morita-Miller classes for surface bundles.
July 3 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:00
Jun Yoshida (The University of Tokyo)
Symmetries on algebras and Hochschild homology in view of categories of operators
Abstract: The categorical construction of Hochschild homology by Connes reveals
that the symmetric structure on the tensor product of abelian groups is essential.
It means that the categorical meaning of ad-hoc generalizations of Hochschild homology
in less symmetric monoidal abelian categories remains unclear.
In this talk, I will propose formulation of this problem in terms of group operads introduced by Zhang.
Moreover, for each group operad G, G-symmetric versions of categories of operators will be discussed.
The notion plays a key role in defining Hochschild homology for homotopy algebras; such as topological Hochschild homology.
July 10 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Emmy Murphy (Northwestern University)
Loose Legendrians and arboreal singularities
Abstract: Given a Stein manifold X, under what conditions can we ensure that X is symplectomorphic to C^n?
For n>2 the condition of X being diffeomorphic to C^n does not suffice,
and many counterexamples have been constructed which are detected by symplectic cohomology and the Fukaya category.
One might conjecture that the diffeomorphism type together with a vanishing Fukaya category characterizes C^n.
While this question is currently well of of reach, we present some new partial results.
The main tools we'll discuss are arboreal singularities, constructable sheaf theory,
and loose Legendrians -- and how they fit together to approach this question.
July 17 -- Room 056, 17:00 -- 18:30
Masaharu Ishikawa (Keio University)
Positive flow-spines and contact 3-manifolds
Abstract: A contact structure is a smooth distribution of hyperplanes on an odd-dimensional manifold that is non-integrable everywhere.
In the case of dimension 3,
there is a nice relationship between open book decompositions of 3-manifolds and contact structures up to contactomorphisms,
called Giroux correspondence.
A flow-spine is a spine of a 3-manifold admitting a flow
such that it is transverse to the spine and the flow in the complement of the spine is diffeomorphic to a constant flow in an open ball.
In this talk, we introduce some results in progress
that give a correspondence between contact structures and positive flow-spines by regarding Reeb vector fields as flows of spines.
This is a joint work with Y. Koda (Hiroshima) and H. Naoe (Tohoku).